History Ethiopia

The consolidation of the Ethiopian Multi-National Hatse State in the era of the beginnings of the struggle against imperialism created, the material and social basis and conditions for the subsequent rise of irreconcilable class antagonism between the toiling gabar class and the exploiting gultegna class, that is, the landed and armed ruling class of gubernatorial, [...]

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Simultaneously during the second half of the nineteenth century, the Ethiopians undertook the double tasks of national defence and reunification against the forces of aggression and imperialism.
This double fronted national policy was visible during the successive reigns of Tewodros II (1855-1868), Yohannis IV (1868-1889), and Menelik II (1889-1913).
The young and energetic frontier governor Dejazmatch Kasa [...]

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During and after the 1789-1799 Anglo-French conflict in Egypt, the Turkish viceroy Mohamed Ali (1769-1849) destroyed the old Mameluk ruling class of Egypt and organized the new Egyptian state under Turkish sovereignty, with Anglo-French financial and technical aid.
In 1820, Mahamad Ali invaded and occupied the Sudanese State of Funj. The Turco-Egyptian conquest and occupation of [...]

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The advent and expansion of the two great world religions of Christianity and Islam greatly accelerated the process and nature of state formation.
Christianity was introduced into the Aksumite court and Empire in the 330s and became the dominant political and ideological force of the Ethiopian Hatse State for the next 16 centuries until the Ethiopian [...]

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The major documentary sources of our knowledge of the Aksumite civilization of Ethiopia are first the Adulis Inscriptions in Greek sometime during the first two centuries A.D. The exact date and the name of author of the document were lost when the exact copy was made in 525 by the Greek monk Cosmas.
The Periplus of [...]

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During the first half of first millennium A.D., the Roman, Persian, and Aksumite Empires were in a struggle for power in the regions of the Nile valley, the Red Sea, and the Middle East. And in the end the rise of Islam among the Arabs in the Middle East in the 7th century A.D. adversely [...]

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